Recently I've been reading Ult's reviews for Rainbow's Down to Earth and Whitesnake's Slip of the Tongue, and in both of them he mentions that the respective bands were supergroups around the time they released those albums, so I've been thinking about other bands that were eventually joined by (relatively) well known musicians from other bands.
Some examples off the top of my head:
Death cca. Individual Thought Patterns - along with bandleader Chuck Schuldiner, the band also included Sadus bassist Steve Di Giorgio, King Diamond guitarist Andy La Rocque and Dark Angel drummer Gene Hoglan; a case could also be made for Human era Death when Masvidal and Reinert of Cynic were in the band, but that was before Cynic recorded Focus so I wouldn't really count it
Testament cca. The Gathering - along with founding members Chuck and Eric, the band also consisted of guitarist James Murphy of Death, Obituary and Cancer fame, drummer Dave Lombardo of Slayer and, again, Steve DiGiorgio of Sadus & Death
Slayer - the current line up with guitarist Gary Holt of Exodus and drummer Paul Bostaph of Forbidden/Testament/Exodus
Fates Warning - also their current line up, with bassist Joey Vera of Armored Saint and veteran drummer Bobby Jarzombek, who also played with Riot and Iced Earth, among others
Stratovarius - the period when both keyboardist Jens Johansson and drummer Jörg Michael were in the band, as well as the short period when Jörg was replaced by Jens's brother Anders
several incarnations of Black Sabbath, most notably '83-'84 with Deep Purple vocalist Ian Gillan and ELO drummer Bev Bevan, and '89-'91 and again '94 - '95 with former Whitesnake members Neil Murray and Cozy Powell
Any other bands that come to mind?